Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci

This oil on poplar, 77 x 53 cm, or 30 x 21 inches,  Ã‚   has taken the world by a perennial storm for one reason or the other, for centuries. It is one of the most famous paintings of the world. Its creation is the news for all time to come. When it was stolen, it again made headlines in the world press. So much scrutiny, parody, studies and mythologizing about this little painting, which is greatest of the great! That enigmatic expression, the smile that has no beginning or end, has always taken the world of art critics/lovers  Ã‚   to the flight of an amazing wonderland.Aesthetics qualities of Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci:â€Å"Silence is the sweetest sound on Earth,† said Mr. Boris Pasternak, the famous Nobel Prize winning Russian author. The gaze of Mona Lisa is fixed on the viewer and it seems to welcome him with her typical silent style of communication. Silence is a divine quality and the immediate effect of viewing this painting is, as if it emits rays of divinit y. Leonardo used a pyramid design to make the woman simple and calm, in the space of painting. The light gives the variety of living surfaces an underlying geometry of sphere and circles. The images of seated Madonna were widely popular at that time, and Leonard has used the same method.He has admirably succeeded in creating the visual impression of distance between Mona Lisa and the observer. Her sitting angle indicates her reserved posture. The best part that seizes the attention of the viewer is her brightly lit face. Much darker elements there around, like hair, veil and the shadow, create a telling effect as regards the glow on her face. Every feature is divine; every artistic stroke makes you salute Mona Lisa. For a while, you even forget the creator of the painting, and you think that it has arrived straight from the celestial world!â€Å"The painting was one of the first portraits to depict the sitter before an imaginary landscape†¦ Behind her a vast landscape recedes to icy mountains. Winding paths and a distant bridge give only the slightest indications of human presence†¦ are echoed in the undulating imaginary valleys and rivers behind her. The blurred outlines, graceful figure, dramatic contrasts of light and dark, and overall feeling of calm are characteristic of Leonardo's style†¦ for it represents rather an ideal than a real woman. The sense of overall harmony achieved in the painting—especially apparent in the sitter's faint smile— reflects Leonardo's idea of the cosmic link connecting humanity and nature†¦.† (Mona Lisa†¦.)Regional qualities of Mona Lisa of Leonardo da Vinci:You observe that Mona Lisa has no visible facial hair at all. No eyebrows or eyelashes. This was done by Leonardo, as per the practice obtaining at that time as genteel women plucked their hair. â€Å"In 2004, the Italian scholar Giuseppe Pallanti published Monna Lisa, Mulier Ingenua (literally ‘†Mona Lisa: Real Wom an†, published in English under the title Mona Lisa Revealed: The True Identity of Leonardo's Model. The book gathered archival evidence in support of the traditional identification of the model as Lisa Gherardini. According to Pallanti, the evidence suggests that Leonardo's father was a friend of del Giocondo. â€Å"The portrait of Mona Lisa, done when Lisa Gherardini was aged about 24, was probably commissioned by Leonardo's father himself for his friends as he is known to have done on at least one other occasion† (Mona Lisa†¦)Regardless of the fact that the scenes depicted are relevant to the region to which Leonard belonged, the compositions are united by a magical mood of frozen time. The artist has captured in the painting what he himself has seen and experienced more deeply. No artist can create a masterpiece, if he thinks of the critics in advance-as to what the knower of the art might opine. To be an art critic is one thing; to be an artist is an entirely different matter. A critic writes with the pen using his mind. The artist writes with the strokes of his brush, inspired by the soul! Mona Lisa is the actual life and transformation of Leonard’s life. Therefore, it is believed that he carried the painting, along with him, wherever he went!â€Å"It is difficult to discuss such a work briefly because of the complex stylistic motifs which are part of it. In the essay â€Å"On the perfect beauty of a woman†, by the 16th-century writer Firenzuola, we learn that the slight opening of the lips at the corners of the mouth was considered in that period a sign of elegance† (Web Museum†¦) All world famous paintings and drawings remind the viewers of the traditional regional images of that time, along with which the artist was brought up and associated with. Such an influence can not be avoided, as all paintings tell everything about the painting and something about the artist who created it. Vibrant regions around him are bound to be reflected in his paintings.The regional qualities and influences can be seen in the avalanche of modern paintings.   The highlight of the paintings in the 1980s is confrontation between the power of the feminine and the power of the masculine. In the 1990s it has been mythological and religious themes related paintings, environment objects and land art. At the end of the 20th century, it was society’s processes of development. (LNMM-2007)References:Mona Lisa–  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa – 107kWeb Museum, Paris, Leonardo da Vinci  LNMM: Exhibitions 2007—archives www.vmm.lv/fr/exhib_archive/2007/?PHPSESSID=cc35fafcecf9d2735cf267e5d2e91870 – 43k –

Literature Contrast Essay

Compare between A Clear Well-lighted Place and A Rose for Emily Abstract: Hemingway and Faulkner both were winners of the Nobel Prize in literature, and had world-wide fame. Although they were close friends, they created rather distinct literary world for their readers. A Clear Well-lighted Place and A Rose for Emily are rather typical of their works. This essay aims to reveal the differences and uncover their unique appeal through analyzing these two novels from four perspectives: theme; character; characterization; writing style. Key Words:Hemingway;Faulkner; theme; character; characterization; writing style. Introduction: A Clear Well-lighted Place expresses an old man’s loneliness and despairs for life. The old man wanted to stay up in the bar and kept drinking, while the young waiter complained a lot and drove him away, but the older waiter showed more sympathy. A Rose for Emily is also a sad story about a girl named Emily who was raised by her father and forbidden to contact with outsides. she poisoned her boyfriend and kept his corpus beside her till death. . Theme The theme of a novel is its controlling idea or its central insight. Being an idea or an insight, the theme should be capable of unifying the whole novel. A Clear Well-lighted Place is the one of early works of Hemingway. The depression and hopelessness left by the world war were not easy to be erased. People may be rich, like the millionaire, but when night dawned, his loneliness and despair for this world force him to find a clear well-lighted place, for light symbolized hope. Faulkner’s work mainly depicted life in Southern slavery-based society, and try desperately to reproduce a south town around the civil war and focused on people’s stubbornness: they refused to admit the original south was gone. This story spanned about 74 years telling a life being restricted and isolated and in return try to isolate others. Character The old man’s character is complex, being depressed and wearisome, but still kept his dignity; rich, but unhappy; mature, but lost his belief. For example, â€Å"It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the day time the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. †(A Clear Well-lighted Place. Ernest Hemingway) This paragraph is at the beginning. He would rather spend the time sipping alone. Besides, he chooses to sit under the shadow instead of the light, and the shadow symbolize the gloom and despair. However, in the William Faulkner’s novel, A Rose for Emily , arrogance, mental confusion, stubbornness and a nature passion for love have all together shaped Emily, and have eventually led to her doom. Her loneliness accompanied her for her whole life. â€Å"I want some poison,† she said. â€Å"Yes, Miss Emily. What kind? For rats and such? I’d recom–† â€Å"I want the best you have. I don’t care what kind. † The druggist named several. â€Å"They’ll kill anything up to an elephant. But what you want is–† â€Å"Arsenic,† Miss Emily said. â€Å"Is that a good one? † â€Å"Is . . . arsenic? Yes, ma’am. But what you want–† â€Å"I want arsenic. â€Å"(A Rose for Emily. William Faulkner) This is a conversation about Miss Emily. From the dialog between Miss Emily and druggist . when the druggist did not finish, Emily interrupted in and say she did not care. We can see her arrogance. When the druggist asked many times about her want, Emily pay no attention and repeated the word arsenic again and again. It showed her stubbornness. Characterization In the dramatic Characterization method the author form our opinion of the characters from what they do and say, from their environment, and from what other characters think of them. Just like the story in A Clear Well-lighted Place, Through the monologue of the older waiter, we know the old man’s loneliness and desire for light and hope. Through the old man’s own behaviour, like staying up under the shadow, we know his despairs and gloominess. In the analytic method the author comments upon the characters, explaining their motives, their appearance, and their thought. The narrator of A Rose for Emily is called â€Å"first person† . The author uses much comments upon the characters. For Emily, he shows more sympathy than blame, and he owe her tragedy to the unjust doings of her father. Writing Style Their images in A Clear Well-lighted Place are shown vividly with concise and plain words, and refined rhetorical skills. Ernest Hemingway advocates using the simplest and fewest words, direct description and short sentence. For example,In the daytime the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. (A Clear Well-lighted Place. Ernest Hemingway) In this excerpt, few adjectives and no difficult words are used. Also there are no long sentences and compound sentences. While Ernest Hemingway pursues the beauty of simplicity, his friend William Faulkner become a master of a rhetoric, highly symbolic style . which will employ many long complex sentences. For example, When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument , the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old man-servant—a combined gardener and cook—had seen in at least ten years. (A Rose for Emily. William Faulkner) Notice the dash, commas and the clauses. In fact, clauses found in the sentence are in opposition of each other, and so Faulkner successfully depicts a sound scene within one sentence. Conclusion We have studied two classical novels from the four perspectives: theme; character; characteristics; writing style. Both novels told sad stories, but their theme are distinct. The first story lasted for one night while the second one spanned for 74 years and covered much more content. The old man and Emily shared the loneliness, but the other features varied a lot. The first story was short, simple and full of philosophical meanings, nevertheless, Faulkner’s lengthy and obscure. Despite of all these differences, they made good impression on reader. One is like the sharp mountain, clear, simple, but not easily to climb, while the other is a lengthy river, twisted, obscure, and need you to dive in to feel it. References: [1]  ·. [M]. : ,1983: 32. [2] ,. â€Å" †[J]. ( ) ,2010,( 7) : 105 – 107. [3] . [M]. : ,2002: 6. [4] Justus,James H. Hemingway and Faulkner: Vision and Repudiation [J]. The Kenyon Review,New Series,1985,7( 49) : 1 – 14. [5] Philip M. Weinstein. ———  · [M]. : ,2000. [6]  ·. [M]. : ?,2006.

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 47

Art - Essay Example The smaller frame has a golden lining around it making the breakage of the black color clearer and more defined. The entire frame seems to be made out of wood. In the painting that appears in the picture, there are two people, a male and a female, who seem to be dancing. The girl is shorter than the man and she is in the foreground of the picture. The girl may be shorter than the man because she is leaning forward. She is wearing a short white dress with a purple band around her waist. The lower waist of the girl’s skirt is flared and seems to have pleats. The girl is leaning forward and is supported by the man from behind. She has spread her hands in the air to look like she is flying. Her left hand is spread lower than her right hand. She has lifted her right leg way up in the air from behind. The whole body of the girl can be seen. The girl in the picture appears to be smiling. Her eyes seem to be closed and her face is facing down at an angle. Her hair is short and black. The man in the picture is standing straight behind the girl. He is wearing a white shirt with a dark suit. The man has a black hat that has a red flower and white feather on the front left side. He seems to be looking down towards what the girl is doing. The man has yellow, long and curly hair. Both the man and the girl are averagely slender. The man and girl look like they are in a forest. Several green leafy trees can be seen around them and behind them. The blue clear sky is visible in the background. Not the whole sky can be seen because it is blocked by the trees. Only some parts of the sky are visible through the spaces left by the trees. The picture is an up-close photograph of a painting that shows two people performing. The background of the picture is not clear. It is difficult for one to pinpoint that the plantations behind the two people are actually trees. Color variations have also been used to show the different features of

Divine Law in Islam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Divine Law in Islam - Research Paper Example Sunni is the largest Muslim sect in the world, accounting for approximately 70% of Muslims worldwide. Sunni has for major schools of Islamic law; Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009), (Pew Research Centre, October 2009). Sunni Islamic law traces its roots back to the late Umayyad period in the second Islamic century. In addition to the role of the Quran and hadith, the geographical variations influenced different doctrines (Ziadeh, 2010). The most widespread school of Sunni law is the Hanafi School, founded by Abu Hanifah and located at Kufa in Iraq. The legal doctrines of Abu Hanifah are relatively more liberal and display a unique sense of respect for personal freedom. He was the first to formulate rules concerning contracts based on the principle of freedom of contract (Ziadeh, 2010). This fact is reflected in the contracts of Salam and Murabahah. The former allows the immediate payment of the price of goods for future delivery, although the contract of sale stipulates the immediate exchange of an object and its price.  The most widespread school of Sunni law is the Hanafi School, founded by Abu Hanifah and located at Kufa in Iraq. The legal doctrines of Abu Hanifah are relatively more liberal and display a unique sense of respect for personal freedom. He was the first to formulate rules concerning contracts based on the principle of freedom of contract (Ziadeh, 2010). This fact is reflected in the contracts of S alam and Murabahah. The former allows the immediate payment of the price of goods for future delivery, although the contract of sale stipulates the immediate exchange of an object and its price; the latter allows a merchant to sell what he had bought at the original price plus a stipulated profit if usury is not involved.  

Penitentiary Ideal and Models of American Prison Essay

Penitentiary Ideal and Models of American Prison - Essay Example They were based on rehabilitating an individual both emotionally and mentally which set in contrast with the physical punishments practiced in typical jails. The most important goal of the penitentiary was to develop habits of industry in an inmate convicted of felony by the enforcement of rules and practice of humane punishments. There were two types of American prison models popular in the history named the Pennsylvania and Auburn models. What with the obscene cleaning conditions and inhuman punishments practiced in the Auburn prison model, both mind and body of a prisoner can get contaminated so that the chances of rejoining the society as a healthy individual plummet down for an incarcerated individual. Now, the Pennsylvania prison model introduced by the state of Pennsylvania almost from the start has been considered by the prison researchers to be closer to what could be called ideal as its â€Å"goals were toward the  development  of more humane procedures and practices dealing with criminals† (Experts column, 2012). The practical implementation of this idea stressed on keeping the prisoners separated from each other and treating them in isolation unlike the auburn system in which the jails are always overcrowded with every kind of inmates. It is claimed by Foster (2005) that good intentions underlined the formation of the Pennsylvania model which used Quaker reformative imprisonment as a way of treating inmates. Quaker reformative imprisonment focused on â€Å"isolation of inmates, fair treatment, and opportunity for work, reflection and reformation† (Foster, 2005). The benefits offered by this rehabilitative model in contrast to the Auburn model were that there was less chance for an inmate of getting severely physically harmed, there was no overcrowding, there was cleanliness, and efforts were made to reform the inmates mentally also. The disadvantages of the Auburn system are that more severe punishments

How Environmental Documentaries Have Developed from the Ethnographic Research Paper

How Environmental Documentaries Have Developed from the Ethnographic - Research Paper Example Hence, the documentary filmmaker's role has changed as well. He is not simply a storyteller with a camera any longer, but he can become an environmental activist himself. Director Louie Psihoyos is directly involved in the action in The Cove where filmmakers alongside environmental activists plant hidden cameras to reveal the dolphin slaughter committed by the fishermen. Not only does he direct his filmmaking crew, he also leads the group of activists and plays a crucial part in devising the plan how to expose crimes of animal cruelty. The general consensus amongst environmental filmmakers today seems to be that a film alone can't change anything, but the reactions and actions it provokes in an audience can bring upon real change. Captain Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace, remarks in The Cove: â€Å"You're either an activist or a non-activist. I decided to be an activist.† The filmmakers' clear intent to motivate the audiences into direct action is summed up by one of the film's marketing punch-lines: ‘The Secret Is Out. Spread the Word’. Unlike feature films that make headlines for a few weeks while they are successful at the box office, documentaries like The Cove have an organic 'after-life' where audiences and fans are kept up to date online by the filmmakers about how the story is developing long after the initial release of the film. Most importantly, the world wide web and social networking media can play an active role in defining the outcome of the story by giving audiences a platform to take direct action. The Cove's website lists many options how one can directly support several organizations who are protecting dolphins in Japan by either donating money or by signing online petitions, joining... The general consensus amongst environmental filmmakers today seems to be that a film alone can't change anything, but the reactions and actions it provokes in an audience can bring upon real change. Captain Paul Watson, co-founder of Greenpeace, remarks in The Cove: â€Å"You're either an activist or a non-activist. I decided to be an activist.† The filmmakers' clear intent to motivate the audiences into direct action is summed up by one of the film's marketing punch-lines: ‘The Secret Is Out. Spread the Word’. Unlike feature films that make headlines for a few weeks while they are successful at the box office, documentaries like The Cove have an organic 'after-life' where audiences and fans are kept up to date online by the filmmakers about how the story is developing long after the initial release of the film. Most importantly, the world wide web and social networking media can play an active role in defining the outcome of the story by giving audiences a platfo rm to take direct action. The Cove's website lists many options how one can directly support several organizations who are protecting dolphins in Japan by either donating money or by signing online petitions, joining facebook groups or by pledging never to buy a ticket for a dolphin show. To sum up, environmental films of today are holistic experiences that give the audiences the opportunity to become interactive and play a crucial part in the overall cause.

Personal Statement for Applying University of California

For Applying University of California - Personal Statement Example I consider venturing into any activity that builds up my indispensable qualities as a business economist. The activities and qualities that are illustrated by this document manifest the degree of pursuance of my career. I developed an exceptionally strong interest in Business Economics which I made a decision to major in during my further education. Born in a middle class family where my parents gathered a lot of effort to raise me up, I quickly inferred the need for finance from this experience. As it is said, necessity is the mother of invention, and so I got interested in economics. My father’s insufficient knowledge and skills in financial control were my earliest cues to pursue economics to professional level. He ran a small business for selling fashion clothes, food factory – selling deep-fried flour sticks and grilled potatoes. His investment performed poorly in the stock markets during the financial crisis (downturn). Then his investment failed totally not long after. Key knowledge learnt here was about microeconomics and macroeconomics. I learnt how the limited knowledge on these fields impacted negatively my father’s investments. ... I also worked as an Exhibition promoter at Adecco Company where I learnt how culture affects the buying patterns. I developed strong communications skills during my work as an exhibition promoter. Before I joined the Adecco Company, I had gone for an internship at China Resource Vanguard Co. Ltd where I carried out database building and management while also doing research for the market. Prior to Adecco Company, I participated in several volunteer works while at Anza College; I volunteer for International Student Volunteer (ISV) where I helped and counseled senior students. I learnt, by dealing with the students, the skills of interacting with people both of my age and my seniors. I volunteered for Red Cross where I helped in planting of trees in the green society project and in packing food and other materials for the needs. As a volunteer in running for a Concession Stand in Flea in Flea Market at De Ana College, I learnt the skills of being a leader, organizing and managing teamw ork. At St. Joan of Arc Secondary School, I volunteered to teach the handicap to do easy jobs. I also participated in selling flats for volunteer organizations to raise funds. At St. Joan of Arc Secondary School, I volunteered to teach children in the underdeveloped country to learn Basic English and Chinese. In addition, I counseled senior citizens about finance, housing and daily life. I have participated in several student organizations and activities. First, at De Anza College, I took part in the President of Japanese Cultural Club (JCC) with lots of interest. I learnt about Japanese culture, I was a member of track and field varsity for sports activities; a member of cross cultural partners (CCP)

Service marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Service marketing - Essay Example Over the years several researches have been conducted in order to have a better understanding of service marketing. Many of these researches are published in the ‘Journal of Service Marketing’. This report presents three research reports on service marketing. Each of them is published in ‘Journal of Service Marketing’. The report provides a comprehensive outline of all the important theories and analysis that are given in the three research reports. This report is made for the marketing manager of Wal-Mart. Titles of the three journals are ‘Push, scream, or leave: how do consumers cope with crowded retail stores?’, ‘Consumer perceptions of internet-based e-retailing: an empirical research in Hong Kong’ and ‘Services marketing in a cross-cultural environment: the case of Egypt’. These three papers are chosen because they are directly related to the retail sector. The researches and the results that are stated in these th ree papers are expected to help the marketing manager of Wal-Mart to make more effective decisions in future. The research paper titled ‘Push, scream, or leave: how do consumers cope with crowded retail stores?’ is written by Anita Whiting who is from Clayton State University in USA. This report deals with the increasing problem of ‘crowding’ in retail stores. Heavy crowd in retail stores is a persistent problem for both retailers as well as consumers. Consumers are often stressed and frustrated due to heavy crowd in the store. Crowding badly affects the satisfaction level of the consumers. It reduces the time that is spent by the consumer in the store. Re patronage intentions of the consumers are also affected by the crowding. Business organisations can minimize the negative impacts of crowding by understanding the strategies implemented by the consumers to cope with the environment of a crowded retail shop. There

PATCH ADAMS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PATCH ADAMS - Essay Example And even after being kicked out of school and sued in court, he manages to win the case. He eventually lays the groundwork for a medical clinic built around his philosophy. Over time, both patients and physicians become fond of him. The film ends with his graduation, where he receives a standing ovation for his innovative reforms in the field of medicine and health care. The filmmakers decided to choose a cast of different age groups and orientation. All through the film, you discover that the main character is much older than his fellow colleagues, but even that is justified in the story. Patch, unlike his friends, is not mindful of what others think of him. His younger colleagues seem to see things differently. They put their medical education in high regard, and they expect to conform to all the norms and practices of a professional doctor. But Patch sees growth and improvement within the profession. His care is patient-centered, and whenever he meets a patient in need, he comes u p with the proper and effective technique to care for him, regardless of the rules. In one of the scenes, Patch and the other students are being toured around the ward. Their clinical instructor seems oblivious to the patients’ needs. Patch sees this and takes the opportunity to say hi to her, which cheers her up. This ends up irritating the teacher. He then secretly enters the children’s ward and plays the part of a clown to cheer up the children. The nurses observing this, ask him to help them with one mentally ill man who the rest of the hospital staff fear to see, he bravely enters his room dressed as an angel and manages to soften up the man. He uses various therapeutic styles for different age groups, and they all prove effective.

Restrictive health, safety and technical standards Essay Example for Free

Restrictive health, safety and technical standards Essay Technical Standards: Standards and standards-related technical regulations are pervasive features of global commerce, affecting an estimated 80 percent of world commodity trade. These technical specifications make up much of the vocabulary in the exacting language of industry, consumer protection, and government regulation. As such, foreign standards and methods used to assess conformity to standards can either facilitate efficient international trade and its resultant benefits, or they can impede access to export markets. Divergent standards peculiar to a nation or region, redundant testing and compliance procedures, unilateral and non-transparent standard setting exercises, and a confusing thicket of other standards-related problems are now recognized as major impediments to free trade. For example: Vietnams Ministry of Science and Technology publishes a list of imports and exports requiring mandatory quality inspection. Importers and exporters of the products on the list must subject their products to inspection and obtain a permit from the relevant government agencies (such as the Ministry of Public Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Fishery, and the Ministry of Science and Technology) at the time they go through customs. In the inspection, some products are subject to national standards, some are subject to regulations of the functional agencies, and some are subject to both. China is very concerned with the transparency of Vietnams mandatory quality inspection system. Language Barrier: Communication is the key to building successful business relationships. However, communication becomes complex when more than one language is involved. Interpreters and translators can play a critical role assisting exporters with the delivery of key information to prospective customers and clients. Interpreters and translators fulfill different roles in different cultures. For example, an interpreter in North America or Europe is expected to relay an unbiased account of the information to the audience. In Japan, however, an interpreter will translate the language and quite likely interpret gestures, context and meanings for those in attendance. Exporters should enlist the services of an experienced, fluent translator or interpreter who is also immersed in the culture of the target market. Working as a team, the exporter and the interpreter can review the text, presentation or other materials together to ensure that there will be no difficulties with background information, technical terms or potentially ambiguous messages. Non-tariff Barriers. Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) refer to the wide range of policy interventions other than border tariffs that affect trade of goods, services, and factors of production. Most taxonomies of NTBs include market-specific trade and domestic policies affecting trade in that market. Extended taxonomies include macro-economic policies affecting trade. NTBs have gained importance as tariff levels have been reduced worldwide. Common measures of NTBs include tariff-equivalents of the NTB policy or policies and count and frequency measures of NTBs. These NTB measures are subsequently used in various trade models, including gravity equations, to assess trade and/or welfare effects of the measured NTBs. Conclusion The world has a long history of international trade. In fact, trading among nations can be traced back to the earliest civilizations. Trading activities are directly related to an improved quality of life for the citizens of nations involved in international trade. It is safe to say that nearly every person on earth has benefited from international trading activities. This may be a good time to reinforce the idea that trade barriers are designed to protect some industries but, in fact they may hurt other industries or even consumers. Economists have found that sanctions dont often reach their political objectives and they come with high costs. A good example is the steel tariff imposed by the Bush administration, on foreign-made steel. President Bush imposed the tariffs, ranging from 8 percent to 30 percent, on some kinds of foreign steel in March 2002, in order to help the U. S. steel industry compete with foreign steel producers. Many U. S. manufacturing companies that use steel, including manufacturers of auto parts and appliances, say that the steel tariffs have raised costs for manufacturers and caused thousands of manufacturing losses. Also, people who buy cars or appliances may have to pay higher prices because of the steel tariffs. The U. S. International Trade Commission recently concluded that the tariffs have caused a $30 million net loss to the U. S. economy. In addition, the European Union is considering retaliatory tariffs against the U.S. TBR (Trade Barrier Regulation) is Europes way of removing obstacles to trade, ensuring that countries abide by the rules of international trade, and providing procedures for resolving international trade disputes. Through the European Commission, its procedures interface directly with WTO dispute resolution procedures, affecting all countries subject to WTO rules and agreements notably the United States and Japan and whose industries have been the subject of recent international decisions. Free trade is usually most strongly supported by the most economically powerful nations in the world, though they often engage in selective protectionism for those industries which are politically important domestically, such as the protective tariffs applied to agriculture and textiles by the United States and Europe. The Netherlands and the United Kingdom were both strong advocates of free trade when they were economically dominant, today the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Japan are its greatest proponents. However, many other countries (such as India, China and Russia) are increasingly becoming advocates of free trade as they become more economically powerful themselves. As tariff levels fall there is also an increasing willingness to negotiate non tariff measures, including foreign direct investment, procurement and trade facilitation. The latter looks at the transaction cost associated with meeting trade and customs procedures. Traditionally agricultural interests are usually in favour of free trade while manufacturing sectors often support protectionism. This has changed somewhat in recent years, however. In fact, agricultural lobbies, particularly in the United States, Europe and Japan, are chiefly responsible for particular rules in the major international trade treaties which allow for more protectionist measures in agriculture than for most other goods and services. During recessions there is often strong domestic pressure to increase tariffs to protect domestic industries. This occurred around the world during the Great Depression leading to a collapse in world trade that many believe seriously deepened the depression. The regulation of international trade is done through the World Trade Organization at the global level, and through several other regional arrangements such as MERCOSUR in South America, NAFTA between the United States, Canada and Mexico, and the European Union between 27 independent states. The 2005 Buenos Aires talks on the planned establishment of the FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas) failed largely due to opposition from the populations of Latin American nations. Similar agreements such as the MAI (Multilateral Agreement on Investment) have also failed in recent years. Bibliography 1. Barriers to entry: Coping with protectionism. UK Investment. 18 April 2007 http://www. ukinvest. gov. uk/10415/en_GB/0. pdf 2. Boone, L. , and Kurtz, D. Contemporary Marketing. New York: Dryden Press. 2003 3. Brue, S. , and McConnell, C. Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2003 4. Churchill, G. , and Peter, P. Marketing: Creating Value for Customers. Austen Press. 2004 5. Czinkota, M. R. , and Ronkainen, I. A. International Marketing. New York: Dryden Press. 2005 6. Competition and Market Power. Econoclass – Sources for Economics Teachers. 18 April 2007 http://www.econoclass. com/imperfectcompetition. html 7. Deardorff, Alan V. , and Robert M. Stern. Measurement of Nontariff Barriers: Studies in International Economics. 2005 8. Debra Ann Skaradzinski. Testing chaotic dynamics via Lyapunov exponents. Journal of Applied Econometrics 20:7, (2003): 911. 9. Fisher, Ronald, and Pablo Serra. â€Å"Standards and Protection. † Journal of International Economics 52 (2004): 377-400. 10. Farese, L. , Kimbrell, G. , and Woloszyk, C. Marketing Essentials. Mission Hills, CA: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. 2003 11. Henson, Spencer, and John S. Wilson, eds. The WTO and Technical Barriers toTrade, in the Critical Perspectives on the Global Trading System and the WTO series, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. 2005 12. Impact of Standards and Technical Regulations on Trade. Press Release from Commerce Ministry (2003). 18 April 2007 http://www. commerce. gov/opa/press/Secretary_Evans/2003_Releases/March/19_Standards. htm 13. Journal of Behavioral Finance, Vol. 4, No. 2, (2003): Pages 65-70 14. Kee, Hiau Looi, Alessandro Nicita, and Marcelo Olarreaga. Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper # 3840.2006 15. Kotler, P. , and Armstrong, G. Marketing: An Introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 2004 16. â€Å"Methodologies, Classifications, Quantification and Development Impacts of Non-Tariff Barriers: Note by the UNCTAD Secretariat,† Document TD/B/COM. 1/EM. 27/2. (2004). 18 April 2007 http://www. unctad. org/TEMPLATES/meeting. asp? intItemID=3411lang=1m=10489info=not 17. Non-tariff Barriers Centre for Rural Agricultural Development (2003). 18 April 2007 www. econ. iastate. edu/research/webpapers/paper_12703. pdf 18. RSIE Working Papers. University of Michigan.(2005). 18 April 2007 http://www. fordschool. umich. edu/rsie/workingpapers/wp. html 19. The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade. Working Paper, Centre d’Etudes Prospectives et d’Informations Internationales, Paris. (2003). 18 April 2007 www. econ. iastate. edu/research/webpapers/paper_12703. pdf 20. Trade, Environment and Development. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (2005). 18 April 2007 www. unctad. org/trade_env/ 21. Vousden, Neil. The Economics of Trade Protection. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2005.

The History And Growth Of Animation

The History And Growth Of Animation Ever since the establishment of photography people learned that if pictures of moving objects were taken in a quick series and flipped through in succession to create the false impression of a moving picture. Pottery is one of the best examples of early art still around today. One of the very first attempts at translating the motionless image into a moving image is found on such piece of pottery. About 5000BC a piece pottery, if spun illustrates a goat jumping and eating from a tree. It consisted of five sequential drawings. The interest of illustrating figures in motion can be seen in the still drawings of Paleolithic cave paintings, as in these paintings animals are illustrated with multiple legs in superimposed arrangements. The movement of anatomical structure was defined by Leonardo Davinci, courtesy to which today artists can come up with believable and beautiful animation. A toy created in 1824 known as the thaumatrope demonstrated the phenomenon of diligence of vision. The design was a disc, which showed a bird on one side and an empty cage on the other. When the disc was spun, the appeared in the cage. According to Patrick James à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..This proved that the eye retains images when it is exposed to a series of pictures, one at a time. After the thaumatrope William George Horner invented Zeotrope in 1834. This device was cylindrical in shape with vertical slits around the sides. To the opposite side of the slits series of pictures were kept, around the inside of the cylinde r. In order to see the illusion of motion the user had to spin the cylinder and look through the slits. Peering through the slits was quite annoying for people, so in year 1877 Emile Reynaud invented Praxinoscope. This device was much like Zeotrope the difference was that animation was reflected on motionless mirrors on the inside of the wheel. It was much better than Zeotrope as it allowed large group of people to view animation at the same time. The first animated film was created in 1892. It was fifteen minutes long and was made by Reynaud. It was shown with the help of praxinoscope and a projector. Animation started appearing before 1910. It consisted of simple drawings photographed one at a time. As there were hundreds of drawings per minute of film, the animation process was highly labor intensive. As the time passed by, the technology evolved and new animation techniques came into existence. An animation technique, known as stop action was used by the animators earlier. The directors used to stop the camera and rearrange or remove items to the shot and then start rolling again. In 1900 J.Stuart Blackton created a film called The Enchanted Drawing by combining the live action of him drawing and stop action technique. Later in year 1908 Emile Cohl created a film named Fantasmagorie. This film was considered to be the first true animated film. The industrial revolution took place and most of the American studios turned to flat animation as it was much more efficient for their assembly line technique of making animated films. Animation was easily done by the celluloid technique developed around in the beginning of 1914. With the help of these celluloids the animators just had to make a complex background or foreground and compress in moving characters in between a number of other pieces of celluloids, which is transparent apart from where drawings were painted on it. This helped the animators, as they would just draw once the background as it remained motionless and only the character moved. If the foreground elements were positioned in the frame, it also formed a false impression of depth. In 1914 one of the pioneer of animation named Winsor McCay created the first animated cartoons titled Gertie the Dinosaur. Gradually animation then started to progress with quite a lot of animated films produced in next twenty years. Producers like Warners, MGM and Disney developed cartoon techniques in 1920s and 1930s. They used traditional animation methods of constructing complicated backgrounds and then imposing moving figures in them with celluloid. Then in 1928 it was Walt Disney, who took animation to a complete new level adding sound and producing the first ever animated film with sound, which was Steamboat Willie. In this film he introduced a new character named as Mickey Mouse. And in 1937 Walt Disney change the entire world of animation by opening doors that people never even thought of. The first full-length animated film in 1937 that was Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. It was a box-office smash. This era was known as the Golden age of Animation. According to Steve Nyman The film became the most successful motion picture of 1938 and earned over $8 million in its original theatrical release. While looking at it economically, when Disney released Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs the studio ran out of money, as it was quite a labor incentive task. Immediately after Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Pinocchio and Fantasia were released and both of them were financial disappointments. Traditional animated feature films were financially unsuccessful in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Traditional animation was not successful because it required a lot of money, a huge team (labor) and the quality was also not that great as compared to todays computer animated films. With the passage of time animation has developed and evolved a lot. We can see the drastic changes in the way of doing animation. With the changing era technology is also changing hand in hand, as earlier people used to use traditional ways of doing animation but today animation is mostly computer generated which is far more easy and it consumes less time. Since then animated films have become one of the most frequently enjoyed forms of entertainment. Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin and The Lion King are some of the best movies by Disney. The social impact of animation is also very drastic. Earlier the target audience of animated cartoons or films were children. But as the evolving time every single person like animated movies. These films have a very light humor which sometimes doesnt even make sense, but it is done in such an appealing way that an 8 years old kid or a 80 years old granddad would love them. Every generation has been enjoying the stories and characters of these animated featured films. Traditionally animation was done in time consuming and labor intensive process of two-dimensional hand drawn cel animation. Today the way of doing animation is completely different and it is much more effective and it majorly depends on new advanced computer technology. Without the new advances in computer technology, outstanding animated films wouldnt have been possible. Films like Toy Story, Madagascar, Finding Nemo, Up etc are the magnificent pieces of work done by Walt Disney and they wouldnt have been possible without the computer technology. Earlier animators used to work very hard and they had to put a lot of effort just to make a small animated video, but now it is all computerized and one can easily see the evolution of animation that how significantly it has improved and made a special place for it self in the industry. According to Buffy Naillon, Computer animation changed the animated film industry. Animation today is based more on math formulas than the ability to draw According to Library.ThinkQuest.org, The company created a design system called DAC (Design Augmented by Computers). With it, they could look at 3D models of their cars from every angle. Consistent with PIXAR à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.where films go through four stages: development, creating storyline; pre-production, addressing technical challenges; production, making the film; and post-production, polishing the final product. Today the way of doing animation is completely different and is very effective, its a complete process with various steps which include the idea of the film development, then to create a story line in which pre-production is done and dealing with all the technical challenges are also done in this step, later comes the production and the making of the film and then with the final touches the polishing is done. Today we have 3 dimensional animated films, which give the impression of being more realistic. Everyone today is fond of animated films. The stories are very beautiful and yet simple, most of the time the comic stories arent even really funny and most of the time they dont even make sense and are completely illogical but still people love them as when that sledgehammer drops on Sylvesters Big toe and it grows to the size of a watermelon theres no trick photography involved. And the most important the quality of the animated films today is way different then what we had in past. Today when animated films are played in rapid succession they appear to have seamless movements within the layouts. Comparing the methods used today and the methods used earlier one can easily see that how the animation process has evolved and how it is getting better and better. The amazing animated films carry on in the new millennium with great movies like How to Train your Dragon, Toy Story 3, Shrek The Fi nal Chapter, and many more to follow as animated featured films are one of the best way of entertainment today.

Is American Patriotism Also Blind Patriotism? Essay examples -- Americ

It seems that patriotism is one of the most common terms used during times of war. Governments often use propaganda about nationalism to advocate their political views of the hostilities. Sometimes they even force patriotism on their constituents with fear-mongering techniques, which can have dangerous implications. That’s not to say that patriotism is inherently bad—many wars have been won for just causes because of it. However, it is a mistake to only think of war at a national level. There are devastating effects on the soldiers, families, and victims of war hostilities. The stories read this week discuss the struggle between concern for macro-society (patriotism) and micro-society (family/personal interests) during war. While no narrative completely rejects the idea of macro-society, they clearly emphasize the greater importance of micro-society and the consequences of patriotism. â€Å"Loyalties† is the first story which discusses the concept of macro and micro-society. It centers on a family living in an African village during the Nigerian civil war. The father and schoolmaster seem to be the most loyal characters from the beginning, as they are large supporters of the new Biafra. However, by the end of the tale they have switched their allegiances back to Nigeria. Their perspectives clearly reflect the bigger concept of the macro-society. There is an element of humor in the way they switch so drastically from one side to the next. The mother, on the other hand, represents concern for the micro-society, because she only cares about the tasks of everyday life. The tone of the story clearly favors the mother’s perspective. After all, she is the only character whose loyalties remain true throughout the entire story, and the author pokes fun at the politics of the men. Even the mother sees the humor in it all, telling her son, â€Å"Go and collect the goat†¦after all he is now a Biafran goat so we must take better care of it† (144). At the conclusion of this story it is apparent that the concept of macro-society during war has certain limitations and weaknesses, which can greatly impact the individuals and families involved. Just as â€Å"Loyalties† discusses the flaws of patriotism, â€Å"Peace and War† explains the failings of micro-society. It depicts two men who go to war every day and treat it as business. They are casual about their job because the war is at a ... ...e and honor when they are far from the field of battle, as this girl is. Yet when there are personal ties, it is much harder to accept the concept, just as Biyumi struggles with his sense of nationalism. Although many of these stories have specific settings and historical significance, they also speak to today’s world. We have seen a great shift toward patriotism in the years following the attacks of September 11, 2001. It would be wrong not to respect the soldiers who have fought bravely for the United States since that time, just as it was wrong for the wife in â€Å"Peace and War† to underestimate the dangers around her. However, we must also honor the micro-society, both here and in other parts of the world. Will our actions as a nation lead our soldiers into traumatic situations like the soldier in â€Å"An Easy Death†? Or will we consider the families and communities involved, saving ourselves from micro-societal damage? I only hope that we can learn from stories such as these and not take our â€Å"blind† patriotism too far. Works Cited Global Cultures. A Transnational Short Fiction Reader, ed. by Elisabeth Young-Bruehl (University Press of New England, Hanover and London, 1994)

Erectile Dysfunction Essay -- essays research papers fc

Erectile Dysfunction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s society is a sexual playing field. Celebrities on television and movies, models on the covers of magazines, and even politicians have become sexual legends in the map of American society. The issue of sex is publicly discussed, on media and otherwise, and as such, it has become, to a great degree, a measure of self-worth. Issues such as breast size, penis size, and sexual stamina have flooded the American public with the idea that one is defined by how sexually appealing s/he is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a result, it has become of monumental importance to the American male to remain sexually vigorous and virile. It is clear to see (in media especially) that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"perfect maleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is about twenty five years old with a rippling physique and a beautiful woman next to him. Never once, when we see our à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"perfect man,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ do we ever think that he could suffer from any form of sexual dysfunction. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"perfect manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is young and virile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The truth, however, is that the general population of men in this country is getting older. The proverbial baby-boomers are on the cusp of reaching a stage in their sexual life where dysfunction is no longer a weakness in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"littlerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ men, but a reality. As such, erectile dystfunction (or impotence) has become a headlines making issue, from the physiological explanations behind it to the social implications that come with being impotent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper will first look into the physiological and psychological causes of erectile dysfunction in men. Then, this paper will delve into the advances that have been made in preventing erectile dysfunction. Finally, this paper will explore the ramifications both erectile dysfunction and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"curesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have on the majority of the men affected by it, older persons. Physiological Explanations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand the causes of erectile dysfunction, a superficial physiological explanation is necessary: (http://www.wellnessweb.com/IMPOTENT/anatomy.htm) The previous diagram is an illustration of a cross-section of a penis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The means of achieving an erection in males is a very complicated process. In the interest of conciseness and efficiency, only a brief overview will be given.    ... ...e travesty to those that have made possible what exists today Bibliography 1) Geriatrics pg.48 vol.54 num.7 Author: Anonymous July 1999 2) New Orleans Magazine pg. 41-42 vol.32 num.8 Author: Karen L. Laborde May 1998 3) Fortune pg. 114-116 vol.137 Author: David Stipp and Robert Whitaker March 16, 1998 4) Macleanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pg. 111 No. 18 Author: Mark Nichols with William Lowther May 4, 1998 5) American Fitness pg. 31 vol.16 num.6 Author: Anonymous November 1998 6) NIH Consensus Statement: Impotence Vol.10 Num.4 National Institutes of Health December 7-9, 1992 7) Sexual Attitudes by Vern L. Bullough and Bonnie Bullough Prometheus Books 1995 8) http://www.wellnessweb.com/IMPOTENT/anatomy.htm 9) http://www.urologychannel.com/erectiledysfunction/index.shtml 10) http://www.junkscience.com/news2/impotent.htm 11) http://www.procareclinic.com/causes_impotence_erectile_dysfunction.htm 12) http://www.procareclinic.com/male_impotence_news_7.htm 13) http://www.lvhhn.org/body/v/viagra/viagra_works.html 14) http://www.noah-health.org/english/wellconn/impotence.html 15) http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/bioethics/9807/viagra.cost 16) http://www.maturus.com/goPageOutput.php?gosection=health&entryID=1530

Mark Wahlberg

Mark Wahlberg Conner Mahan Period 5 Presented to Stephen Dame February 24, 2013 Table of Contents Cover Page : Page 1 Table of Contents : Page 2 Biography Page : Page 3 Films Page : Page 4 Songs Page : Page 5 The Letter to the Famous Person : Page 6 Gallery : Page 7 Works Cited : Page 8 Mark Wahlberg Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg is an actor, movie and television producer, and also a former rapper. He was known for being called Marky Mark in his earlier years of fame but then became more famous in 1991 with his debut of being the frontman of the band Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch.He was named number one of VH1’s 40 Hottest Hotties of the 90’s. Wahlberg has been in several movies, one of the most famous for him was Fear because it was the first film that he had a good roll in. Mark believes in the religion of Catholicism. He is married and has four children. He married Rhea Durham in 2009 and they are still married to this day. He has two brothers, Donnie Wahlberg and Ro bert Wahlberg. Mark was born in Boston, Massachusetts, U. S. on June 5, 1971. He is 41 now and still making movies. His current occupations are being an Actor and a Producer. His most recent production that will be coming out very soon is Pain and Gain.In this movie he had to go on a rigorous diet and workout a lot. If you take a look at two different images before and after the movie was made you can tell a large difference in his muscle mass. In this movie they corrupt a company man that happens to sell an illegal substance. They blackmail him about what he has done and get him to give them all of their money and runs of. Movies That He Starred In —- The Substitute : 1993 Renaissance Man : 1994 The Basketball Diaries : 1995 Fear : 1996 Traveller : 1997 Boogie Nights : 1997 The Big Hit : 1998 The Corruptor : 1999 Three Kings : 1999 The Yards : 2000The Perfect Storm : 2000 Planet of the Apes : 2001 Rock Star : 2001 The Truth About Charlie : 2002 The Italian Job : 2003 Entoura ge : 2004, 2008, 2009, 2010. I Heart Huckabees : 2004 Four Brothers : 2005 Invincible : 2006 The Departed : 2006 Shooter : 2007 We Own the Night : 2007 Saturday Night Live : 2008 The Happening : 2008 Max Payne : 2008 The Lovely Bones : 2009 Date Night : 2010 The Other Guys : 2010 Cubed : 2010 The Fighter : 2010 Contraband : 2012 Ted : 2012 Broken City : 2013 Pain & Gain : 2013 2 Guns : 2013 Transformers 4 : 2014 Ted 2 : 2014 Movies That He was Producer/Executive Producer In –Entourage – Executive Producer. We Own the Night – Producer. In Treatment – Executive Producer. How to Make It in America – Executive Producer. The Fighter – Producer. Contraband – Producer. This is Mark Wahlberg on the Red Carpet. (2005-2007) This is Mark Wahlberg on the Red Carpet again. (2010-2011) Letter to Mark Wahlberg : Hello Mr. Mark Wahlberg. I would like to inform you of me being a big fan of yours. I would someday like to meet you. I don’t have m uch to talk about. Sincerely, Conner Mahan Works Cited : â€Å"Mark Wahlberg. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 26 Feb. 2013. Web. 27 Feb. 2013.

Jails and Prisons Response Essay

Jails and Prisons Response Prisons and jails may both confine offenders but they have their differences. Jails are for offenders that have short term sentences or for holding until the offender is transferred to a prison. They are also used to hold a criminal during their hearings until sentencing (Schmalleger, 2011). Prisons are for offenders that are sentenced to long-term or permanent confinement. They are institutions separated in to three categories depending on how serious the offense was or the mental state of the offender. There are minimum, medium, and maximum prisons (Schmalleger, 2011). All aspects of the criminals life is controlled by the authorities of the prison. This is what makes it a total institution. Depending on the crime committed and the individual they decide on which institution will be best. There are also four types of prisons which are military, juvenile, political, and psychiatric. They each have their place in the criminal justice system. The concept of prisons as a institution is total control and authority. Medical, education, and treatments are available to inmates as part of their rights. Within any institution there are different programs and departments to make it run properly. Jails play a important role in the system. They hold non-violent criminals from violent criminals. If everyone went to prison they would be over populated. Jails are beneficial because they are local and can hold offenders for short periods. A court would not want to send a offender who did not pay his parking tickets to prison for 30 days.

Did Thomas Jefferson Out-Federalize the Federalist Essay

Thomas Jefferson who was the 3rd president of United States of America is the one of the most important people in American history. He joined 1st and 2nd Continental Congress and he wrote the Declaration of Independence with John Adams and Benjamin Franklin. After Alexader Hamilton made and became the Federalist party which believed in strong center government, he made Democratic-Republican party which believed in individual states power and became the leader of Democratic-Republican. On 1800, he won the election against John Adams, which is known as peaceful transferring of power. Everybody knows that he is a Democratic-Republican, but he did many things that Federalist would’ve done and even â€Å"outfederalized† them. When Thomas Jefferson became the 3rd president of USA, people thought he is going to fire all the federalists from the government. However, he didn’t fire anybody just because they are the Federalists. He actually tried to adopt a lot of Federalist’s opinion to reduce the differences between Democratic-Republican and Federalist. Eventually, he out-federalize the federalists by taking Federalist’s argument that was strong enough to be supported by public citizen and were best fir the common good. Next, without any opposition, he allowed to have national bank. The Democratic-Republican didn’t agree with the national bank because the constitutional says that do not specifically grant power to Congress to create one.

Fireworks Factory Essay

Jerry Yu is an American born Chinese man with an MBA who runs a small family chain of businesses in New York. He is faced with a decision to invest in the Chinese fireworks industry. Jerry must assess the attractiveness of the fireworks industry along with the risks involved. Throughout this paper we will analyze the pros and cons of entering the market of Chinese fireworks. In our opinion, Jerry Yu should not invest in the Liuyang fireworks factory. While there are many factors that could give Jerry the opportunity to be successful, the low profit margin and the high instability of the market outweigh the chances of success. The regulations throughout the fireworks industry varies from market to market. For example, China’s domestic market has deregulated since 2005, while the American market remains regulated. The high competition paired with the low selling prices due to undercutting has caused the profit margin to decrease, especially for new entries. The reason for this is that the established fireworks companies have long term contracts with suppliers, causing Jerry to sell his fireworks at a lower price. Established companies also cause a problem because of their relationships with the raw material suppliers. Due to their longstanding relationships, these companies have a right to supplies before the new entries. This results in the new entries receiving lower quality materials, leading to a worse product and less safe working environment. Even though technology is involved in the production of the fireworks, the cheaper quality materials cause a greater risk of an accident during the manual mixing of powders, which is the most dangerous step. The risk of an accident is so high that most factories are built in rural areas near a water source with separated departments in case of an explosion. Another factor that should be considered is the environmental hazards of fireworks production and use. With an increase concern for the environment and â€Å"going green†, stricter regulations have been put into place. With the new restrictions and concern to avoid pollution, the consumption of and desire for fireworks could eventually fade away. Substitutes have already entered the market that are more environmental friendly. These substitutes include popping of red balloons and laser light shows. Considering all of the risks, along with the entrance of substitutes, we advise that Jerry Yu not invest in the Chinese fireworks industry. Jerry Yu has many factors to consider involving risk  associated with the Chinese fireworks industry; however, there are many advantages in investing that he should not overlook. The Chinese fireworks industry is a highly competitive market. With over 6,000 companies, it is hard to differentiate products. The attractiveness of investing in the industry is that there is easy entry. In Liuyang, there are over 400,000 laborers working in the industry, and this makes for low cost labor and easy access to skilled labor. While the majority of workers in China are not skilled, the residents in Liuyang have gained experience with producing fireworks. Jerry has an opportunity to use this to his advantage. If he can rework the business structure of the company previously run by the village, he can set his factory apart from the average family run and operated businesses. Jerry Yu must recognize that in 2009, the current market size is $675 million, and if he plays his cards the right way, he can grab a large portion of the market share. In order to do this, his factory should have a competitive advantage. The question is, how can he go about this? We believe that he can achieve this goal by building his factory to be different from all others in the industry and specializing specifically in fireworks instead of firecrackers. Jerry Yu needs to create a niche where he, and only he, has the ability to make the highest quality of fireworks in the world. He must create a marketing strategy that has not been introduced to the current market, and he must hire the most qualified engineers to make the safest and most extraordinary combination of fireworks that exists. In doing so, Jerry has an opportunity to push the technology bubble to a place that fireworks have never been before. Creating a more unique, high quality product that will blow the competition away will give Jerry the ability to set his prices higher than other manufacturers. Jerry does not need to concentrate his sales upon the low cost average firework sales that sell in bulk, but he must sell a few high quality fireworks that give him a large margin. He needs to stay away from the price competition, and the way he will do this is by creating a niche firework that the world has never seen before. One way that Jerry can set his factory apart from other firework competitors is to embrace the new and changing technologies. Instead of looking at lasers and music as negative competition, he can make an alliance with them. Jerry can team up with a laser light show and a music show to complement the firework display. Creating a bundle package for the most  elite firework show that the world has ever seen is an answer to the niche market that Jerry should pursue. Jerry Yu should also focus on brand advertising and brand awareness, so his brand of fireworks can stand out above the other businesses in the market. He could create a marketing campaign that emphasizes that his fireworks are the best in the world, as well as the safest. A major objective for Jerry Yu should be to aim for a specific, high paying target market. The competition is high in the basic firework industry, and entering this market would result in price gouging; this would be too hard for Jerry to gain market share at this level. He will have to set his product apart from what already exists. He should guarantee that his fireworks are the safest and highest quality, which can give him the competitive advantage to target high paying customers. For example, Jerry Yu does not need to concentrate his sales to the common buyers. He should aim to get his product to a popular show, such as the Beijing Olympics, or to high paying customers in the United States and Europe where the price is not a huge concern. In ensuring his high paying customers of safety and quality, there will be very few businesses, if any, that can compete with Jerry. While the objective of Jerry Yu should be to aim at a particular market, this goal is not in the best interest of Liuyang Firecrackers and Fireworks Industry Department to go that route. In our opinion, Jerry Yu should advise Liuyang to encourage its citizens to consolidate its family owned businesses into bigger corporations. As of now, one of the only ways to differentiate products is by undercutting other manufacturers’ prices. The entire industry should focus on a way that each company can pull away from price gouging and work together to make sure the prices stay at a constant medium that will benefit all of the manufacturers. One way businesses could do this is to designate certain types of fireworks and firecrackers to be made by specific manufacturers or areas. In doing so, the designated companies could increase productivity and steer clear of price gouging. After analyzing the circumstances associated with entering the Liuyang fireworks factory, we believe Jerry Yu should not invest his time and money into the market because the risks highly outweigh the benefits. The market is too unpredictable, restricted, and saturated to guarantee a successful investment. If Jerry Yu did take on this investment opportunity, the costs he would endure to improve the company would not be  worth it in the long run. With the industry being the way it is, it would be difficult for Jerry Yu to become profitable.

Bad communication and father/son relationships Essay

â€Å"Exactly what kind of stupid shit have I gotten myself into this time?† I asked my father. â€Å"Don’t worry, it only gets worse †¦ er †¦ better I mean,† he replied. â€Å"Growing up I invariably figured the two of you knew inherently how to raise us, now I question my ability to survive even my pregnant wife’s wrath, much less an incessantly crying baby.† â€Å"Funny you feel that way. Your mother and I raised you despite our ignorance and oddly enough I feel no more qualified now than I did more than twenty years ago.† â€Å"Oh, thanks for that. You know what? I seriously doubt, based on your uplifting words here, that you truly are more qualified.† â€Å"I love you too son,† said my father. â€Å"Now instead of concerning yourself with the future, start thinking about the here and now and get in there with your wife. It’s a right of passage and I’ll be damned if you get to skip out on this one!† Immediately upon conclusion of my not so reassuring conversation with my father I somewhat less than bravely headed back to the room and my once lovely wife now overcome with fear, anger and most importantly rage at seemingly nothing but me. These memories of a day some seven years ago remain vivid in my mind. In fact, it’s amusing what a mind chooses to place into the vault and that which it seems to discard like some Sheik discards used Jaguars. Regardless of what anyone might profess, whatever literature, scripture, propaganda or media might say, childbirth is not, by any means, a beautiful miracle. It is simply a function of biology, and certainly one of nature’s most awful and gut-wrenching sights to behold. I’ve rarely even for a second understood the parents who weave these intricate tales of how they’ve never before witnessed a more perfect baby and how eager to hold and caress  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Johnny† they were the minute he breached the birth canal. Let me for a minute explain, for all of the delusional parents and more importantly for those who are easily manipulated by such tales, that childbirth is not remotely akin to the beauty of a bride on a wedding day, picturesque mountains covered with snow or a fantastic waterfall hidden deep in some jungle. It is certainly far more reminiscent of a triage base that exists in any â€Å"X-files† like movie where recently captured aliens are carved like the Christmas ham with a bit of grade B teenage horror movie screaming mixed in to accent the not so serene surroundings. When I first witnessed my son, Owen, born into this troubled world, I felt a magnificent burst of love that Christ himself could not have invoked. Seconds later however, when the surprisingly slow neurons had traveled from my all too eager optic nerve to what I like to refer to as myself, my brain, a mere millimeters away, that love remained, capped with something new, shock. Thoughts will race through one’s mind in this situation: â€Å"Funny, my head isn’t twice as tall as it is wide,† or â€Å"What exactly is that nurse doing stitching up my wife †¦ down there?† Luckily, for my own sanity these were intermingled like morse code within those of concern, fear, excitement and certainly, love. Suffice to say, the first day with my new child was not a picnic, a miracle, a wonderful package from god, the stork or any other freakish analogy that might be told to children and ignorant soon to be parents alike. It was however, the day that my life was drast ically altered and along with the sickness and utter horror witnessed that day, I gained something new, a pride never experienced before. One that seems to multiply exponentially every week like an algorithm gone awry. Most will tell you that children in their early years are an utter handful. Luckily for my wife and myself this was not the case with Owen. In fact, mere weeks after leaving the hospital we were sleeping nearly an entire night, something many families are devoid of for months if not years. Perhaps more importantly however than my now beautiful son’s penchant for nighttime silence was his daytime demeanor and willingness to learn, in his case siphon, as much knowledge as I could possibly bear to part with. Even before he had grasped a few meager words he was the proverbial hawk watching my every move and taking clues more often than not when least expected. Ever  vigilant to the fact that I was under constant surveillance, my at home demeanor abruptly changed from college student/dock-worker to nearly angelic overnight. With ourselves safely on track, my most daunting task was to prevent Owen’s grandfather from one of his favorite past-times: teaching Owen large words in a creepy manner. Imagine my shock upon picking up my son at his grandparents house only to gaze stunned at my boy eagerly rubbing his tiny hands together in an evil manner and repeating over and over â€Å"My plans are coming to fruition.† â€Å"Skip out on this one?† I said to my father. â€Å"If you know of any way I can achieve that at a point like this I’d love to know.† â€Å"I can think of one way,† Dad replied. â€Å"Close your eyes for a second. I swear to you, if you do, you’ll notice the next thing happening is your child on a bike and that you’ve missed a year, then two.† â€Å"Seriously, I knew you we’re getting a bit long in the tooth, but I never picked you for the nostalgic type. When exactly did you become the card carrying bleeding-heart kind?† Nodding his head playfully with an arrogant hint of understanding that I had yet to grasp he said, â€Å"That’s exactly what I’m talking about. Don’t, for anything, miss the years when they haven’t yet figured out how to smart-off.† Much to my dismay, my father was and is more correct than I could have ever imagined. Like a roulette wheel that races around barely fast enough to obscure the numbers, yet not so fast that you can’t with some small degree of difficulty make out what’s happening, my son was growing up at an alarming rate. His mother and myself, with all of our mistakes now resurrected and at the forefront of our minds, focused on molding our child to withhold the values that we maintained while having the courage to exercise his own individuality. Reminiscing back to the days when being a father terrified me, when instilling a sense of right and wrong in Owen, his mother and I at least attempted to teach him to hold himself with dignity and poise at all times; obeying the rules until they seem to conflict with  some other moral standing. Obviously this wasn’t explained to him in such a manner, but likely through years of examples, lessons at home and luckily at school. Due to the overwhelming maturity and good nature that my son had exhibited up until one fateful spring morning, my shock at that day hopefully is understandable. Owen for the last two years has been attending an esteemed private grade school; one that allows for hardly any deviation from their strict rules and expects as much from the families as the children, generally speaking. Certainly there are more than a few typical suburban gems that consist of a virtually ethereal father who passes in and out of his children’s lives between disgustingly profitable business trips only to spend the mandatory 15 minutes with a soccer-mom wife and unappreciated children before jutting off for the afternoon to an overpriced golf course with several other inconsiderate acquaintances. Thankfully for these families an underpaid nanny gives at least some attention to the children, between hangovers and homeopathy classes. While most often their mother prescribes to the theory that two double-skinny-mocha-lattes with nutmeg in an afternoon at the local gourmet food store with her bo-tox friends is the way to raise a child. Owen, sometimes much to his own disgust, is by no means a valued member of one of those families. He is however an important part of ours, one that we can rely upon for at least an insightful thought and usually a couple good laughs a day. Our tendency to be smitten with Owen is something shared by many who have the never-ending joy of his acquaintance. His school however, in accordance with the bureaucracy required by civilization, deems it necessary to establish a punishment doctrine related to something we’ve rarely experienced: bad behavior. This, put simply, is a system of colored cards ranging from yellow through red, with a few shades of orange that only a flamboyant interior designer would recognize, that are â€Å"pulled† in succession or in the extreme case of some dire transgression, the dreaded â€Å"red† card is pulled bypassing the usual stepped progression; a bad thing indeed. We prefer to, when Owen has the misfortune of being in the wrong place at the wrong time, liken a yellow card to DEFCON-5. While a red card, though inconceivable, would be  DEFCON-1, or full scale nuclear war (at least within the confines of our modest home). As much as I would like my son to be, at least unt il college, some aberration of goodness, he does stray mildly from the line some refer to as the â€Å"straight and narrow.† But, when these situations do arise, they are typically mild and take the form of forgotten homework or lack of attentiveness in class, never, before this spring, were they of the kind we like to attribute to the â€Å"problem† children. â€Å"I’ve pretty much figured that’s why you loved me so much, because of my rapier like wit and willingness to dissect even the most noble of your weakness’,† I said to my father. â€Å"In fact, I know that’s what draws me to you.† â€Å"I loved you so much because you’re Mother made me,† Dad replied. â€Å"I liked you because you never wrecked my car.† â€Å"Not that you know of I suppose,† winking as I said this. â€Å"It never did come to me though why you failed to ask obvious questions when issues did arise. Care to share any insight on this now?† â€Å"What? And ruin the fun for the two of you, I think not.† Then my father paused for a minute as if in some internal debate that could drastically effect the future of mankind. Oddly enough, a single piece of exactly that was at stake at this precise moment. â€Å"Sometimes,† my father continued; â€Å"the best questions are those left unasked. When I knew that you we’re dealing with any problems in an upstanding manner I felt that my work was accomplished years before. What good is a question then?† My wife called me at the office late in the afternoon minutes before I was leaving and began to share with me the details of Owen’s incident. While I was not by any means eager to hear the news, I begged her to wait at least another hour so that I could consider the full weight of his transgression  in peace. When I arrived home from work that evening Owen’s pre-trial detainment was in effect and he was found reading meekly in his room. Unaccustomed to this environment I immediately spat a barrage of questions toward my wife, only to hear in return some flabbergasting news. â€Å"Honey, Miss Finn called today about Owen’s behavior,† my wife began. â€Å"Apparently he received a red card and we might need to meet with the principal.† Shocked, I replied. â€Å"Not that I can’t possibly believe that my son would do any wrong, but, I’m sure he didn’t do it, whatever it is.† â€Å"I wish that we’re true, but I’ve asked him and he did admit to it, at least we have that much going for us.† â€Å"You’ve got to be kidding me,† I continued. â€Å"I’m sure he’s heard that before, but I can’t possibly imagine, in school of all places, him ever even considering mouthing a word like shit.† â€Å"Clearly both he and Miss Finn have told me that he said the â€Å"S† word. I think we truly have been blessed all of these years and that now the dam has burst.† The worries of my day at work suddenly seemed insignificant compared to this new event. After all, my entire persona had been changed for my child. Though both of us used to have a certain affinity for cursing, that was discarded so many years ago. I’m by no means like my boy who seems to perpetually pick the correct path, even if he’s only in second grade, but at least in this aspect I’m largely infallible. Evidently, the crucial issue here is our realization that soon enough he will be surrounded with overwhelming amounts of temptation as he ages. I would prefer to hold on to some semblance of innocence at least through the second grade, hopefully up to the fourth, God willing. The trial was abrupt and to my son’s credit, he did admit his wrongdoing and professed he was simply angry at the ignorance of his school-mates concerning the blatantly obvious difference between a  water poke’mon and an air poke’mon, stating that â€Å"air pokeâ €™mon’s were â€Å"S†.† Perhaps he’s been wound up tight lately, given his schedule of 7 hours of school followed by snacks, playing, naps, and more playing. I guess we should have assumed more responsibility in this matter, however, the jury found him mostly at fault and the sentencing was implemented immediately. In the whole scheme of things this episode turned out to be nominally more than a speed-bump on my child’s path to adulthood. In fact, the grounding was short but the continuing education as to how to present himself was intensified drastically. It was only later, during one of those drawn out humid days of summer that my son taught me a lesson that apparently my father, in all of his wisdom, had never learned. As Owen and I watched an afternoon baseball game, each rooting for the other team though having virtually no investment in either, I was stung by the words suddenly emanating from my son’s mouth. â€Å"Dad, why is it that adults can do and say things that children can’t?† My son said. As I began my blanket argument, searching mentally for something I did or said recently that would invoke such a dreaded question, nothing came to mind. â€Å"We’ll, life’s that way I suppose, someday you’ll understand.† â€Å"Maybe Mom should ground you for the week then and you’ll understand.† â€Å"Perhaps that’s not such a bad idea, can I borrow your room?† I replied, frantically seeking that slip-up and cursing myself to be more aware around my boy. â€Å"No, you constantly say the colors make you dizzy anyway,† he continued. â€Å"But, when I said the â€Å"S† word you told me that’s not how a gentleman speaks. Aren’t you a gentleman? Or are you a lady?† His snickering bought me precious time to recap the past few minutes and what had transpired, and for the life of me I couldn’t recall any such regression in my â€Å"don’t speak like a sailor† policy. â€Å"If I did say that I do apologize, however, I think you’re mistaking, perhaps you misunderstood me,† I said. â€Å"No sir, you said it, and I’m telling Mom.† By now my curiosity had been piqued to a point where I could no longer deny this incident in a Clinton-esque manner. I had to pursue this matter, even though I figured at this juncture it meant certain embarrassment, at the time I thought for my child. â€Å"What exactly did I say that you profess you can’t?† â€Å"I told you, you said the â€Å"S† word and I can’t repeat it, you said so yourself.† â€Å"I seriously doubt that. You’ve never heard me say that word. In fact, if I recall correctly you’re the only one in this household who seems to utter that phrase.† I was beginning to worry now that perhaps there was a point of confusion that I didn’t understand. On some deeper level I was also worried that my son had started to â€Å"smart-off† to me; thus the end to the glory years. â€Å"Maybe you can spell this word for me, so that I know and will never repeat it again,† I said. â€Å"I don’t think that would be a fruitful thing to do, Dad,† Owen said. â€Å"But since you’re the boss of me, at least until Mom comes home, I will.† My worst fears we’re confirmed at this moment, he had prematurely reached the age of self-awareness and independence. Surly, I thought, this must be some god-awful twisted plan implanted into his brain by my mischievous father. As I prepared for the next daunting step in my life, dealing with an individual who was not simply repeating what he was shown and instructed like a cheap pet-store parrot, but one capable of reasonable logical connections and more  terrifyingly one that was good at such things, my son began his personal spelling lesson for Daddy. Owen of course began with the letter â€Å"S.† I, on one level had previously assumed the outcome and was coming to terms with the peculiar cleverness of my child, in addition to my inability to see through his weak scam, yet I let him continue. â€Å"t †¦ u †¦ p †¦ i †¦ d.† â€Å"Most importantly, son, you must listen to your children, especially as they grow,† my father said. â€Å"Yeah, yeah, I figured that. I can only assume that’s why you told me to shut the hell up so often,† I replied. â€Å"I also said distinctly, over and over, to do as I say, not as I do.† In retrospect, these words ring true often to me. I can’t possibly expect to be father of the year anytime soon. I can however learn from my mistakes and hopefully my son in turn will heed his grandfather’s sage-like advice.

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